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Kotumsar Cave
The Kotumsar cave was initially named as Gopansar cave (Gopan = hidden) but later on the name Kotumsar became much popular as it is located near a village ‘Kotumsar’. Earlier Kotumsar cave was within the state Madhya Pradesh, India, but in the year 2000 it came under a new state Chhattisgarh that carved out from the former as a new political entity. Presently, Kotumsar cave is one of the major attraction points for the people who loves ecotourism. It is a limestone cave formed on Kanger limestone belt. It is situated near the bank of the River Kanger, a tributary of Kolab River. The entrance coordinates are 18052’09”N; 81056’05” E (WGS 84) lies at an altitude of 560 m above the sea level. A vertical fissure in the wall of a hill serves as the main entry for the cave from where for the convenience of the tourist a well concrete path has been formed which extends till last end of the cave. The main tunnel of the cave is nearly 200 m long which has several lateral and downward passages. Various forms of speleothems impart a very panoramic view to this cave. Air and water temperatures were relatively stable at an annual average of 28.25 ± 1.23 and 26.33 ± 0.96_C, respectively (range = 25.0–32.7_C for air; 22.9–29.3_C for water)(). The cave is subject to frequent flooding during the monsoon season which generally begins in the middle of June and continues till the mid of October. The tourist entry is not allowed at this period. Besides it various water pools are also exist in this cave which are fed by seepage throughout the year.
As per Hindu mythology caves are generally considered as a prominent religious spots. In Kotumsar cave also a large number of pilgrim visits to worship a big speleothem formation (stalagmite) which is lies inside one of the inner chamber of this cave. Earlier the worshipers also burn incense, camphor to this part of the Kotumsar Cave which was polluting the cave ecosystem resulting declination of biodiversity of the cave. Thus it has been stopped in the present state by the authority based on a report published by National Cave research and Protection Organization, India.
== Cave history ==
The cave was very much known since British era of India, but it was never taken seriously till in fifties of previous century Dr. Shankar Tiwari (Professor in Geography) visited the cave and tried to explore it’s all the chambers with limited resources and equipment. The cave was first of all systematically mapped in eighties by Dr. Jayant Biswas (then a PhD scholar), guided by a Romanian caver. The map was first of all published in Biswas's PhD dissertation in 1990 which was further internationally published by him in 1992 through a publication of National Speleological Society ().
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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